الوصف
Abstract: Though in the Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle consecrated a full book to the virtue of justice, al-Fārābī does not speaks much of it in ethical and political contexts. He insists that virtue is a mean between two excesses, but as justice is not a mean in the same way he introduces it as something which establishes what is the fair or allotted portion (qisț). However, the second master does not limit himself to a human or political conception of justice. He also introduces a notion of natural and divine justice, which ensures a constant allotted portion of existence to all beings and, therefore, also ensures the eternity of the world and of species. Therefore, he develops a parallel between a true conception of divine/cosmic justice and true human justice, as well as a parallel between false conceptions of divine/cosmic justice and false human justice. He thus connects human and divine/cosmic justice.
Key words: justice, allotted portion (qisț), justice as a divine attribute, right of matter and form